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Introduction to Python
Python Standard Libraries

Built-in Libraries in Python

Python is a versatile programming language that comes with a rich set of built-in libraries and modules. These libraries provide a wide range of functionality that can be used to develop various types of applications, from simple scripts to complex web applications. In this guide, we will explore some of the most commonly used built-in libraries in Python and learn how to use them in your programs.

Python's standard library is a collection of modules and packages that are included with the Python interpreter. These modules and packages provide a wide range of functionality that can be used to perform common tasks, such as file I/O, networking, data processing, and more. Some of the most commonly used built-in libraries in Python include:

1. os

The os module provides a portable way of interacting with the operating system. It allows you to perform various file operations, such as creating, deleting, and renaming files and directories. The os module also provides functions for working with the file system, environment variables, and more.

Here is an example that demonstrates how to use the os module to create a directory and list its contents:

import os
 
# Create a directory
os.mkdir('my_directory')
 
# List the contents of the directory
print(os.listdir('my_directory'))

2. sys

The sys module provides access to some variables used or maintained by the Python interpreter and to functions that interact with the interpreter. It allows you to access command-line arguments, the Python runtime environment, and more.

Here is an example that demonstrates how to use the sys module to access command-line arguments:

import sys
 
# Print the command-line arguments
print(sys.argv)

3. math

The math module provides mathematical functions and constants. It allows you to perform various mathematical operations, such as trigonometric functions, logarithmic functions, and more.

Here is an example that demonstrates how to use the math module to calculate the square root of a number:

import math
 
# Calculate the square root of a number
print(math.sqrt(25))

4. datetime

The datetime module provides classes for manipulating dates and times. It allows you to create, format, and manipulate dates and times, as well as perform various date and time calculations.

Here is an example that demonstrates how to use the datetime module to get the current date and time:

import datetime
 
# Get the current date and time
now = datetime.datetime.now()
 
# Print the current date and time
print(now)

5. random

The random module provides functions for generating random numbers. It allows you to generate random integers, floating-point numbers, and sequences, as well as set the random seed.

Here is an example that demonstrates how to use the random module to generate a random number:

import random
 
# Generate a random number between 1 and 10
print(random.randint(1, 10))

Conclusion

Python's built-in libraries provide a wide range of functionality that can be used to develop various types of applications. By learning how to use these libraries effectively, you can take advantage of the many benefits that they provide and become a more productive and efficient Python programmer. We hope this guide has helped you understand some of the most commonly used built-in libraries in Python and how to use them in your programs. Happy coding!

Resources

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